70 exam-style questions on this chapter, written from the actual legal text and tagged for UPSC, Judiciary and CLAT. Five are shown below with answers and explanations — the rest are in the free interactive drill.
Q1 · easy · BNSS S.111
Under Section 111, what is the correct definition of "proceeds of crime"?
- A.Any property obtained illegally, but only if acquired directly from the criminal act
- B.Any property derived or obtained directly or indirectly by any person as a result of criminal activity (including crime involving currency transfers) or the value of any such property✓ correct
- C.Only tangible property obtained through criminal activity, excluding intangible assets or instruments
- D.Any property held by a suspect during investigation, irrespective of its source
Why: Clause (c) defines "proceeds of crime" as "any property derived or obtained directly or indirectly, by any person as a result of criminal activity (including crime involving currency transfers) or the value of any such property." This expressly includes indirect derivation and the value of such property.
Read Section 111 — Definitions →Q2 · easy · BNSS S.111
Which of the following best describes the term "property" as defined in Section 111?
- A.Only movable and immovable tangible assets are covered
- B.Property and assets of every description whether corporeal or incorporeal, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, including deeds and instruments and property obtained through proceeds of crime✓ correct
- C.Only deeds and instruments evidencing title to property are covered
- D.Only property that was physically present at the scene of the offence
Why: Clause (d) states that "property" means property and assets of every description whether corporeal or incorporeal, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible and includes deeds and instruments evidencing title and property obtained through proceeds of crime. The definition is therefore very broad and not limited to tangible items.
Read Section 111 — Definitions →Q3 · medium · BNSS S.111
Does the definition of "contracting State" in Section 111 require that arrangements with a foreign country be made through a formal treaty?
- A.No; it includes any country or place outside India in respect of which arrangements have been made by the Central Government with the Government of such country through a treaty or otherwise✓ correct
- B.Yes; only arrangements made through a formal treaty qualify
- C.Only where the country is geographically contiguous to India
- D.Only if the arrangement is made by a state government rather than the Central Government
Why: Clause (a) defines "contracting State" as any country or place outside India with which arrangements have been made by the Central Government "through a treaty or otherwise," indicating that a formal treaty is not required.
Read Section 111 — Definitions →Q4 · medium · BNSS S.111
Which statement correctly reflects the scope of "identifying" under Section 111?
- A."Identifying" means locating the physical place where property is kept
- B."Identifying" includes establishing proof that the property was derived from, or used in, the commission of an offence✓ correct
- C."Identifying" is limited to cataloguing deeds and instruments evidencing title
- D."Identifying" refers to making arrangements with foreign states regarding property recovery
Why: Clause (b) expressly states that "identifying" includes establishment of a proof that the property was derived from, or used in, the commission of an offence. It is therefore concerned with establishing provenance or use in an offence, not merely physical location or foreign arrangements.
Read Section 111 — Definitions →Q5 · hard · BNSS S.111
Which activity falls within the definition of "tracing" (Clause (e)) but is not the specific content of "identifying" (Clause (b)) as defined in Section 111?
- A.Establishing proof that property was derived from, or used in, the commission of an offence
- B.Including deeds and instruments as part of the concept of property
- C.Determining the disposition, movement, title or ownership of property✓ correct
- D.Making arrangements with a "contracting State" for mutual assistance
Why: Clause (e) defines "tracing" as determining the nature, source, disposition, movement, title or ownership of property, whereas Clause (b) specifies that "identifying" includes establishing proof that property was derived from or used in an offence. Thus tracing focuses on movement/title/ownership, which is distinct from the proof-oriented aspect of identifying.
Read Section 111 — Definitions →65 more questions on Reciprocal Arrangements For Assistance In Certain Matters And Procedure For Attachment And Forfeiture Of Property
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