Eleventh Schedule

Eleventh Schedule (Powers, Authority and Responsibilities of Panchayats)

Article 243G

The Eleventh Schedule was inserted by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which established the Panchayati Raj system for rural local self-government. It lists 29 subjects that state legislatures may devolve to Panchayats to enable them to function as effective institutions of local governance. This schedule matters because it operationalises decentralised planning and implementation at the village, intermediate, and district levels, strengthening grassroots democracy. Notable entries include agriculture, land improvement, minor irrigation, rural housing, drinking water, roads, education, health and sanitation, women and child development, and poverty alleviation programmes. Actual transfer of these subjects, along with corresponding funds and functionaries, depends on state legislation, leading to uneven implementation across India. Together with the Twelfth Schedule (for urban local bodies), it reflects the constitutional vision of the panchayats as the third tier of government.

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