सं Samvidhan

Constitution · Part XIVA

Tribunals — MCQs with answers

10 exam-style questions on this part, written from the actual legal text and tagged for UPSC, Judiciary and CLAT. Five are shown below with answers and explanations — the rest are in the free interactive drill.

Q1 · easy · Article 323A

Under Article 323A, administrative tribunals may be provided to adjudicate disputes and complaints concerning which of the following?

  1. A.Criminal offences committed by public servants
  2. B.Taxation disputes between the Union and States
  3. C.Recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts✓ correct
  4. D.Private property disputes between citizens

Why: Clause (1) of Article 323A expressly authorises Parliament to provide for adjudication by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts. The text does not mention criminal, tax or private property disputes.

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Q2 · easy · Article 323A

Who is empowered by Article 323A to provide, by law, for adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals?

  1. A.Parliament✓ correct
  2. B.The President
  3. C.A State Governor
  4. D.High Courts

Why: Article 323A(1) begins with "Parliament may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial by administrative tribunals...", so it is Parliament that is empowered to enact such laws. The provision does not vest that initiating power in the President, Governors or High Courts.

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Q3 · medium · Article 323A

If Parliament enacts a law under Article 323A creating administrative tribunals for service disputes, what does clause (2)(d) permit regarding the jurisdiction of courts?

  1. A.It requires all courts, including the Supreme Court, to retain jurisdiction over those disputes
  2. B.It may exclude the jurisdiction of all courts except the Supreme Court under Article 136✓ correct
  3. C.It allows only subordinate courts to be excluded but not High Courts
  4. D.It excludes courts' jurisdiction only with the prior approval of the President

Why: Clause 2(d) specifies that a law made under clause (1) may "exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136," with respect to the disputes referred to in clause (1). No presidential approval or limitation to subordinate courts is mentioned.

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Q4 · medium · Article 323A

Which of the following powers may Parliament specify for administrative tribunals under Article 323A(2)(b)?

  1. A.Power to adjudicate disputes under international treaties
  2. B.Power to amend the Constitution
  3. C.Power to try criminal cases punishable with imprisonment
  4. D.Power to punish for contempt (among other jurisdiction and powers)✓ correct

Why: Clause 2(b) authorises Parliament to specify the jurisdiction and powers of the tribunals, explicitly including "the power to punish for contempt." The Article does not grant tribunals power to amend the Constitution, try criminal cases generally, or deal with international treaty adjudication.

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Q5 · hard · Article 323A

What is the legal effect of clause (3) of Article 323A?

  1. A.The provisions of Article 323A shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of the Constitution or any other law, giving those provisions precedence✓ correct
  2. B.Tribunal laws under Article 323A must not conflict with any other constitutional provision
  3. C.Article 323A preserves the jurisdiction of all courts over service disputes
  4. D.Article 323A applies only if other laws expressly permit it

Why: Clause (3) states that the provisions of this article "shall have effect notwithstanding anything in any other provision of this Constitution or in any other law for the time being in force," meaning the Article's provisions operate despite inconsistencies with other constitutional provisions or laws. It does not state that tribunals must avoid conflicts or that courts' jurisdiction is preserved.

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5 more questions on Tribunals

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Questions are AI-generated from the legal text, machine-verified against the provision, and editorially reviewable. Education, not legal advice.