214 exam-style questions on this chapter, written from the actual legal text and tagged for UPSC, Judiciary and CLAT. Five are shown below with answers and explanations — the rest are in the free interactive drill.
Q1 · easy · BNS S.227
Under Section 227, who is said to give false evidence?
- A.Any person who makes a false statement in any circumstance.
- B.A person legally bound by an oath or by an express provision of law to state the truth, or bound by law to make a declaration, who makes a statement which is false and which he knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true.✓ correct
- C.Only a person who, under oath in a court, deliberately lies about a material fact.
- D.Only a public officer who makes a false official statement.
Why: Section 227 defines giving false evidence as occurring when a person who is legally bound by oath or law to state the truth or make a declaration makes a false statement which he knows or believes to be false or does not believe to be true. The definition is not limited to deliberate lies in court nor to public officers alone.
Read Section 227 — Giving false evidence →Q2 · easy · BNS S.227
Does the term 'statement' in Section 227 include non-verbal statements (for example, a written or signed statement)?
- A.No — it applies only to verbal statements made orally.
- B.Only if the non-verbal statement is made in court.
- C.Yes — a statement is within the meaning of this section whether it is made verbally or otherwise.✓ correct
- D.Only to written statements, not to other non-verbal forms.
Why: Explanation 1 to Section 227 expressly states that a statement is within the meaning of this section whether it is made verbally or otherwise, so non-verbal forms (written or otherwise) are included.
Read Section 227 — Giving false evidence →Q3 · medium · BNS S.227
A witness, while under oath, says 'I believe this signature is X's' although he does not actually hold that belief. Under Section 227, is the witness guilty of giving false evidence?
- A.Yes — a false statement as to the belief of the person attesting is within the meaning of this section, so stating belief one does not have is false evidence.✓ correct
- B.No — statements of belief are always excused even if not sincere.
- C.Only if the false belief statement relates to a material fact.
- D.Only if the witness also admits the statement was false.
Why: Explanation 2 states that a false statement as to the belief of the person attesting is within the meaning of this section; a person may be guilty by stating he believes something which he does not believe. Thus insincere assertions of belief are covered.
Read Section 227 — Giving false evidence →Q4 · medium · BNS S.227
An interpreter, bound by oath to interpret truly, certifies as a true translation a text which is not a correct translation. The interpreter genuinely (and honestly) believes his translation is correct. Is he guilty of giving false evidence under Section 227?
- A.Yes — any incorrect translation certified as true constitutes false evidence regardless of belief.
- B.Yes — only if the incorrect translation causes prejudice to a party.
- C.No — if the interpreter honestly believes the translation to be true, his statement is true as to his belief and not false evidence.✓ correct
- D.No — interpreters are exempt from Section 227 when making translations.
Why: Illustration (c) shows that a statement which is true as to the speaker's belief is not false evidence even if factually incorrect. Illustration (e) contrasts this by making clear liability arises where the interpreter certifies something not true which he does not believe to be true.
Read Section 227 — Giving false evidence →Q5 · hard · BNS S.227
A person, bound by oath, states 'I know that Z was at place P on day D' while having no knowledge on the subject. If Z actually was at place P on day D, is the speaker guilty of giving false evidence under Section 227?
- A.No — if the statement happens to be factually true, there is no false evidence.
- B.Yes — stating that one 'knows' a fact without any knowledge is false evidence whether the fact is actually true or not.✓ correct
- C.Only if the person intended to deceive the court.
- D.Only if the statement is later shown to be false.
Why: Illustration (d) states that where a person, bound by oath, says he knows a fact while knowing nothing on the subject, he gives false evidence whether the fact was true or not. The provision treats the false claim of knowledge itself as false evidence.
Read Section 227 — Giving false evidence →209 more questions on Of False Evidence And Offences Against Public Justice
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